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- $Unique_ID{BRK03829}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Homocystinuria}
- $Subject{Homocystinuria Homocystinemia Cystathioninuria Marfan Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 463:
- Homocystinuria
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Homocystinuria) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Homocystinemia
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Cystathioninuria
- Marfan Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Homocystinuria is a rare hereditary error of metabolism. The amino acid
- methionine is not properly metabolized due to a defect in the enzyme
- cystathionine synthetase.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Homocystinuria is a genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation,
- dislocated lenses, sparse hair, chronic flushing of the face (malar flush),
- and relaxation of ligaments. Patients may exhibit the symptoms of Marfan
- Syndrome. This hereditary connective tissue disorder is characterized by an
- elongated body, long, thin arms and legs, spiderlike hands and fingers,
- cardiovascular defects, and depression of the breast bone (pectus excavatum).
-
- The enzyme cystathionine synthetase is deficient in homocystinuria. The
- amino acids homocystine and methionine are elevated in the blood plasma,
- cerebro-spinal fluid and urine. The lenses of one or both eyes, may be out
- of their normal position (ectopic), fibers of the lens may degenerate, and
- zonal cataracts are possible. Porous bones (Osteoporosis) may also occur.
- The walls of the blood vessels may show degeneration. Blood clots
- (thromboemboli) may block the blood flow, possibly in the lung vessels
- (pulmonary embolism), or in the blood vessels feeding the heart muscle
- (coronary occlusion). These conditions may be life-threatening. (For more
- information on cataracts, choose "cataracts" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database; for more information on Osteoporosis, see the articles in
- the Prevalent Health Conditions/Concerns area of NORD Services.)
-
- Causes
-
- Homocystinuria is a genetic disorder inherited through autosomal recessive
- genes. Symptoms are caused by an inborn error of amino acid metabolism
- resulting from deficiency of the enzyme cystathionine synthetase, responsible
- for synthesis of the amino acid cystathionine.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not
- appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If
- one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be
- a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Homocystinuria starts at birth. Males and females are affected in equal
- numbers. Like other inborn errors of metabolism, it is a very rare disorder.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Cystathioninuria is a genetic disorder transmitted through autosomal
- recessive genes. It is caused by an inborn error of metabolism,
- cystathionase. An excessive amount of cystathionine in the urine can be
- identified by tests. Mental retardation sometimes also occurs.
-
- Marfan Syndrome is a genetic disorder of connective tissue. It primarily
- affects the bones and ligaments, the eyes, the cardiovascular system, and the
- lungs. Persons with Marfan Syndrome will be tall, slender, and somewhat
- loose-jointed. The arms, legs, and fingers may be disproportionately long.
- (For more information on this disorder, choose "Marfan" as your search term
- in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment for Homocystinuria consists in controlled supplemental intake of
- the amino acids methionine, cystine, and folic acid. Massive doses of
- pyridoxine (a form of Vitamin B6) may also be prescribed. Genetic counseling
- will be helpful for families of children with Homocystinuria.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- In patients with Homocystinuria who are also affected by reduced activity of
- the enzyme methionine synthase, experimental treatment with Vitamin B-12 is
- being tested. More research is needed to determine effectiveness of this
- treatment.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- March 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Homocystinuria, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.,: John B. Stanbury, et
- al., eds.; McGraw Hill, 1983.
-
-